Accessed Ĭolwell RK, Coddington JA (1994) Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 257–263Ĭolwell RK (2013) EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. In: Levin SA, Carpenter SR, Godfray H, Charles J, Kinzig AP, Losos JB, Walker B, Wilcove DS, Morris CG (eds) The Princeton guide to ecology. Ĭolwell RK (2009) Biodiversity: concepts, patterns, and measurement. Ĭhao A, Colwell RK, Lin CW, Gotelli NJ (2009) Sufficient sampling for asymptotic minimum species richness estimators. Scand J Stat 11:265–270Ĭhao A, Lee SM (1992) Estimating the number of classes via sample coverage. Ĭhao A (1984) Nonparametric-estimation of the number of classes in a population. īurnham KP, Overton WS (1979) Robust estimation of population size when capture probabilities vary among animals. īrose U, Martinez ND, Williams RJ (2003) Estimating species richness: sensitivity to sample coverage and insensitivity to spatial patterns. īrose U, Martinez ND (2004) Estimating the richness of species with variable mobility. This study suggests that non-parametric species richness estimators are useful in estimating species richness of ground beetles with reduced sample size.īrose U (2002) Estimating species richness of pitfall catches by non-parametric estimators.

Using ACE, we can reduce the number of traps to 30 or 20 from 40 traps per site if we allow a bias of 5 or 10%, respectively. Rarefaction curves showed that ACE was the only valid estimator to estimate species richness for all sites. We evaluated the performance of three non-parametric species richness estimators to estimate species richness. We set 40 pitfall traps per site and collected ground beetles for 1-week periods in June, July, and August 2013. We found a sampling method that reduced the number of traps per site when estimating species richness of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in six forest sites in Sorachi, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Because it is extremely time-consuming and costly to evaluate species richness of highly diverse taxa such as insects, cost-effective sampling strategies to estimate species richness are needed, especially when long-term monitoring is conducted.

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